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10-09-2012, 05:54 PM
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Glossary of ab**rmal breath sound
Glossary of ab**rmal breath sound
Accessory muscles of respiration – muscles other than the diaphragm and intercostal muscles that may be used for labored breathing. The ster**cleidomastoid, spinal, and neck muscles may be used as accessory muscles of respiration; their use is a sign of an ab**rmal or labored breathing pattern.
Adventitious breath sounds – ab**rmal breath sounds heard when listening to the chest. Adventitious sounds may include *****les or rales, rhonchi or wheezes, or pleural friction rubs. Adventitious sounds do **t include sounds produced by muscular activity in the chest wall or **ises made by a stethoscope on the chest wall. Ataxic breathing – also k**wn as Biot's breathing, is characterized by unpredictable irregularity. Barrel chest – a condition characterized by increased anterior-posterior chest diameter caused by increased functional residual capacity due to air trapping from small airway collapse. A barrel chest is frequently seen in patients with chronic obstructive diseases, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Cheyne-Stokes respirations – a breathing pattern characterized by a period of apnea, followed by gradually increasing depth and frequency of respirations. Consolidation – the replacement of air in the lungs with fluid or a mass. *****les – an adventitious breath sound heard on ausculating the chest, produced by air passing over airway secretions. A *****le is a discontinuous sound, as opposed to a wheeze, which is continuous. *****les are k**wn as fine or coarse and are also k**wn as rales. Fremitus – a vibration felt while a patient is speaking and the examiner's hand is held against the chest. Intercostal retractions – visible use of the muscles between the ribs (intercostal muscles) to aid in breathing. Intercostal retractions are a sign of labored breathing. Kussmal breathing – a very deep gasping type of respiration associated with severe diabetic acidosis and coma. Kyphosis – a deformity in the **rmal posterior shape of the spine, producing a humpback appearance. Nasal flaring – intermittent outward movements of the **strils with each inspiration; indicates an increase in the work needed to breathe. Pleura – a serous membrane covering both lungs and the walls of the thorax and diaphragm. Pursed lip breathing – partial closing of the lips to allow air to be expired slowly; used by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sibilant rhonchi – a high pitched wheeze; musical and squeaky adventitious breath sound. Scoliosis – a lateral curvature of the spine. So**rous rhonchi - a lower pitched wheeze; s**ring or moaning adventitious breath sound. Stridor – a high-pitched harsh sound heard during inspiration. Stridor is caused by obstruction of the upper airway. Wheeze - an adventitious or ab**rmal breath sound heard when listening to the chest as a person breathes. Wheezes are continuous and musical sounding, and usually caused by airway obstruction from swelling or secretions. Wheezes can be high or low pitched, and are also k**wn as rhonchi. 
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